Search on Ancestry. These records are drawn from National Archives series T 71 , which includes some records unavailable on Ancestry. Information available in these records includes:. Most registers have indexes to slave owners and estates and give the name of the parish or district where they lived.
Some colonies have indexed enslaved persons by name under the name of the slave owner or plantation. Find contact details for archives elsewhere using Find an archive.
More and more archives in British and former British colonial dependencies are indexing and digitising information about enslaved people and slave owners. Read the articles on slaves and slavery on Your Archives.
Use the database on the Legacies of British slave-ownership website to search for a slave-owner or an individual related professionally or personally to a slave-owner.
This can act as an index to slave compensation returns in T71 see above. For quick pointers Tuesday to Saturday to Discovery is a catalogue of archival records across the UK and beyond, from which you can search 32 million records. This website uses cookies We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. Set cookie preferences. Skip to Main Content. Search our website Search Discovery, our catalogue.
It is also a question for Americans from Northern states: In the 17th and 18th centuries, millions of Northerners owned slaves. To be sure, even if the truth is available, many white Americans still do not like to confront slavery—and, when they do, they do not feel guilty about it. Growing up in Baltimore in the s, Phoebe Kilby never heard about her slave-owning ancestors. A decade ago, she found documents online that proved that her family had owned enslaved peoples.
Further research led her to meeting several descendants of people her family had owned as slaves, including people to whom she was genetically related. She has befriended her black relatives, helped obtain funding for a Virginia State historical highway sign that honors civil rights activists in the family and endowed scholarships for their grandchildren.
Kilby says she supports national economic reparations and says private initiatives could offer a template for a wider political initiative. Some black thinkers say symbolic gestures are meaningless if not accompanied by a demand for political and economic reparations.
Darity, the Duke University economist. The persistent structural inequality in the United States is why even white Americans not descended from slave-owners should support reparations, because they have benefitted, says Mr. A growing body of academic research has firmed up the links between slavery and current inequalities. The difference, says Mr. They found that counties that once had rates of high slave ownership are not always poorer, but that they consistently had unequal rates of educational attainment.
Over time, Ms. Clarification, Nov, 30 : This article updated to note that John Conyers is a former congressman. John W. Miller is a Pittsburgh-based writer and former staff reporter and foreign correspondent for The Wall Street Journal. Brookbank - This argument is ill-considered virtue-signaling at best, and conscious racism at worst.
Or, in the ultimate extreme, all men could go after women because of the sin of Eve. Farmer Foscue possibly had many black descendants who are more closely related to him.
Do they owe anything to anybody in this bean-counting atonement? The key racist element is to judge people by their ancestral lines, such as all Jews today for the death of Christ or all Arabs for the atrocities of historical Jihadi crimes etc.
The only way to end racism is to have the standard that all people be judged only by their own acts and responsibilities, not for ancestors, or as groups or tribes. How does religion become so politicized? Tim, Thank you for your sane and necessary response to this.
I couldn't have said it better myself. All those same thoughts were percolating in my brain while reading this article, and I was greatly encouraged to see that I didn't have to wait long to find a reality-based comment such as yours to counter the corrosive and ineffective strategy being suggested by the author. Totally and absolutely wrong. Karl Marx and his disciples did not give us the good news, Jesus Christ and His disciples did that. They did not even give us an economic theory which matched reality as numerous field tests have demonstrated.
You quite obviously did not consult the best "African-American" economist ever produced in the US, Thomas Sowell - he has a wealth of pertinent data to refute your thesis. Almost all cultures for almost all history have consisted of collectives of individuals with UNEQUAL gifts, age, intelligence, beauty, strength, skills, size and sex. Human efforts to change the above reality have been tried and punished - they are the equivalent of the Tower of Babel project.
Let us put slavery in historical context: the origin of the very word you use is revealing. It derives from the ethnic origin of the people most commonly taken as possession by the abominable Mohammedanism many centuries ago - the Slavic peoples.
Young, beautiful, white virgins were especially demanded by the Caliph. Now, if we "whites" followed the perspective of your essay, we should be moaning and complaining and blaming and self-pitying as an underclass in the whole world and demanding that all the dark people atone for their sin and hand out reparation to us. Your deep seated racism starts here and gets worse and worse. Seems like you're already moaning and complaining. About what I'm not sure given your privileged position and continuing assertion of privilege and oppression.
I do not now, and never have, had anything to do with the North American continent nor had any sort of relations with any of the people who live there or come from there. I hold, insofar as my expert knowledge of biology is concerned that the scientific concept race - when applied to people - there is but one, single, solitary human race Homo sapiens sapiens.
Are there people who have large differences in appearance as to size, skin colour and facial characteristics? Any fool can agree with that. So, I will take it for granted that you mean to use race as is apparently modern American custom, not mine, to label people by their skin colour and place from which they migrated and talk of Irish-American, African American and so on.
Now, produce evidence that any part of what I wrote offends against justice, mercy and love or repent of you back-biting, calumny and detraction.
Marx gave us tools for analyzing the culture of capitalism. He did not leave a programme for his followers for what to do when the revolution happened and most revolutionaries used the elevator speech to rule, not detailed marxian analysis. Marx assumed that socialists would act democratically in their own interests, so he left no clues.
Modern Marxian thinkers, myself included, have or are developing more detailed plans and linking up with the cooperative movement stared in America in the late 19th Century by my great grandfather, Silas Locke Allen, and his fellows. Marx used the neo-Platonic nonsense that was touted by Hegel as sound philosophy and produced a nonsensical alternative explanation for the continuance of mankind's inhumanity to fellow men in a regressive revolt against the already well-developed Judeo-Christian understanding of the fallen nature of mankind as described in Genesis.
All derivative philosophies share the absurdity of the original. We know that in the real world, the native innocence of humankind untainted by capital was demonstrated to be a fairy tale when the expected uprising of the oppressed to overthrow the oppressors did not happen.
We know that instead of accepting that a theory predicted an outcome, the outcome did not confirm the theory and so true believers rather than accept it was falsified, concocted even more fanciful ideas. We know that the Frankfurt School translocated to the US and continued their absurd dreamweaving to produce the current spawn of feminism, critical theory, political correctness and the like.
Just as you and the generations in between inherited the education, wealth and property built upon the backs of these slaves and their families, their ancestors inherited struggle, poverty, inequity in wealth and education and oppression through generations. The very least you owe them is acknowledgement of this fact and the truth of the multi generational impact slavery and continuing economic slavery and economic slavery and cultural oppression continues to have on the descendants of these people.
Dionys - what if you just arrived in America? Should we ask each person coming in to pay an atonement tax for their race?
Each one's responsibility to restorative justice is legion: to women who have been denied equal opportunity by our ancestors; to native Americans whose lives have been taken and land been ravished; to the environment which we have polluted; etc, etc. Working to restore the evil done usually has to be done indirectly.
We need to take care of ourselves so that we do not become a burden on society now or in the future; we need to be alert to legislation that will remove unjust structures; we need to educate our children to be responsible Christian citizens; etc.
All these things need to be done according to our gifts and circumstances. Regarding African Americans, a crucial area of work is nurturing black families which were devastated by the institution of slavery. Any help in that area will be golden. Reparations is a political non-starter and not workable and will not, as an article in Jacobin pointed out, address class inequality. Apologies and public acknowledgements have some value but there's a cynicism that has developed around these expressions that don't cost anything.
If an individual or institution can locate descendants of enslaved people, as Ms. Kilby has done, that's terrific. There are so many generations gone, however, that this is quite difficult. What to do? Continue to develop history curricula that reveals the labor of enslaved, indentured, and exploited workers in America. Pass living wage laws and labor reform measures for the working poor now.
Economic justice is the solution. What is one meant to do if they are descended from a long line of Protestant fundamentalistic abolitionist foes of slavery?
Or if they are part Cherokee, whose ancestors were caused to be transported, by the slave-holding President at the time, Jackson, to new quarters in Oklahoma before assimilating some three generations later? How then does your author balance out the good, the bad, the righteousness, or iniquity of his forebear's many branches? As a methodology for determining the advisability of reparations, it is laughable.
Please, if people need help in the present then let us help them and call it charity, not reparations. Personally, if my ancestors were abolitionists or slavers, it matters little. I never knew them, and I can not have been responsible for their behavior. I refuse to be made accountable for their sins in such a ridiculous and anti-historical manner. Good insight, Malcolm!
Add to our Cherokee that said person is a woman who's ancestors were totally dedicated to green energy and were Quakers. Would they be exempt from obligations to contemporaries suffering from injustices more or less connected with social injustices from the past? Makes you wonder. There is no black or white person truthful enough to talk about reparations because the war on poverty gave multi billions since the seventies to the black community and because blacks are sinners like whites are sinners But the fatherlessness it produced with their sinfulness I took care of a tough black girl for three years Never will that calculation be made honestly until Elijah returns The comment thread reveals how the tensions remain years after the Civil War.
The author makes positive suggestions about how individuals can make money donations to educational and social institutions that assist the African-American community to gain an equal opportunity footing.
It is easy but mistaken to say African Americans are responsible for not achieving economic and social equality. Deeply entrenched economic and educational barriers have persisted across generations. We are making progress.
We have not made enough progress however. Can we listen to one another? Listening is the essential first skill to making real progress for the next generation. Listening will allow understanding if it is true unjudgmental and unbiased listening that does not react. And listening is not easy. It means suspending our fears, our old ideas, and our self-image. Then right action will follow.
Each one shall be put to death for his own sin. The soul who sins shall die. The son shall not suffer for the iniquity of the father, nor the father suffer for the iniquity of the son. The righteousness of the righteous shall be upon himself, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon himself. Style: MLA. English Language Learners Definition of slaveholder. Kids Definition of slaveholder. More from Merriam-Webster on slaveholder Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for slaveholder.
Get Word of the Day daily email! Test Your Vocabulary. Test your vocabulary with our question quiz! Love words? Need even more definitions? Homophones, Homographs, and Homonyms The same, but different.
Merriam-Webster's Words of the Week - Nov.
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