How many chief justices

All other things being equal, the appointment of a Chief Justice, owing to the responsibilities of the office and its symbolic importance, is foremost among the appointments that a President makes to the Supreme Court. Under any circumstances, it will command the attention of Congress, especially the Senate, which votes on whether to confirm judicial nominations.

Even more attention is expected in the current political environment, in light of the controversy that has recently surrounded the judicial appointment process and the importance that the President and Senators of both parties have attached to upcoming Supreme Court appointments. Other factors, moreover, can further complicate the appointment of a Chief Justice. The process, for instance, might become more contentious if the appointment of a new Chief Justice were seen as affecting the ideological balance of the Court, and thus galvanize opposition from Senators unhappy with the implications of the appointment.

The process also might become more complicated if another Supreme Court appointment needs to be made at or around the same time as the Chief Justice appointment. This situation can arise, for instance, if a President nominates an Associate Justice to be Chief Justice, or if as happened recently an Associate Justice stepped down at about the same time as a Chief Justice vacancy were created -- in either case, creating an Associate Justice vacancy for the President to fill.

This report is intended to help show what is unique about the office and to shed light on the process by which a Chief Justice is appointed.

Hence, an initial section reviews the vast range of duties and responsibilities of the Chief Justice and the qualifications considered necessary for one to perform effectively in that office. A second section then examines the Supreme Court appointment process, focusing on the appointment of Chief Justices. At the end of this report, a table lists the names of all persons nominated for Chief Justice, from to the present, including their nomination dates and, if confirmed by the Senate, the dates of their confirmation, judicial oath, and end of service, as well as their ages at time of appointment and upon termination of service.

Only one of the Chief Justice's responsibilities is specified in the Constitution. Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 states that the Chief Justice shall serve as the presiding officer of the Senate during an impeachment trial of the President.

Otherwise the Constitution does not mention the Chief Justice. The Judiciary Act of , one of the first laws enacted by the first Congress, stipulated that the Supreme Court would consist of a Chief Justice and five Associate Justices.

The Chief Justice is the Court's most highly visible and identifiable figure -- by virtue of the position's prominence and prestige, and the powers it has acquired by statute or through custom. The Chief Justice has been called the "first among equals" on the nine-member Court. Each Chief Justice brings an individual style of leadership that influences the way the Court operates, deliberates, and conducts its work.

Moreover, the Chief Justice has considerable influence on the interactions that occur among the Justices. Many Chief Justices have left an indelible mark on the Court through their vision and leadership. Some, in retrospect, are admired for their constitutional scholarship, others are noted for their acumen in working effectively with the other Justices and the legislative and executive branches, and still others are recognized for administrative and organizational skills.

The Chief Justice's most prominent role is that of presiding officer of the Court. In this capacity, the Chief Justice:. The Chief Justice is also manager of the Supreme Court's building and the overall operations of the Court. The administrative duties attendant to this role have increased over the years, commensurate with the growth of the nation, the sheer volume of cases presented to the Court, technological advances in court operations, and current security requirements.

The Chief Justice, too, is the head of the federal judicial branch of government. In this capacity, key statutory duties of the Chief Justice include chairmanship of the Judicial Conference of the United States, 13 overall supervision of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, 14 and chairmanship of the Board of the Federal Judicial Center.

As the head of the judicial branch, the Chief Justice is its spokesman and advocate. In this capacity, the late Chief Justice, William H. Rehnquist, took a leadership role in pressing for increases in judicial salaries and in funding for judicial branch operations. In his Year-End Report on the Federal Judiciary , for instance, Chief Justice Rehnquist underscored his concern about the "funding crisis currently affecting the federal judiciary.

Burger in The Chief Justice has statutory authority and responsibilities related to the circuit courts. By the order of the Supreme Court, the Chief Justice and the Associate Justices are allotted as circuit justices among the circuits. The Chief Justice is authorized to make such allotments when the Court is in recess. The Chief Justice is to maintain a roster of retired justices who are willing and able to undertake special duties. Also by statute, the Chief Justice has several extra-judicial responsibilities.

Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. By tradition, the Chief Justice also performs a number of important ceremonial duties, such as administering the oath of office to the President.

Substitute leadership on the Court is provided for by federal statute whenever the Chief Justice "is unable to perform the duties of the office or the office is vacant. The late Chief Justice Rehnquist, in remarks made at Duke University on April 13, , described his views of his office's responsibilities, and the potential impact that an individual can make while holding the office:.

As noted, the office of Chief Justice requires that its occupant be able to perform in many demanding roles -- as presiding officer of the Court, judge, constitutional scholar, statesman, consensus-builder, advocate, and administrator.

Nevertheless, there is no formal list of qualifications for the job -- not even a requirement that a nominee be a lawyer, 32 although every Justice to date has been a lawyer. In recent decades, discussions in the Senate of the professional qualifications of judicial nominees in general often have focused on three aspects of a nominee's background -- the nominee's integrity, professional competence, and judicial temperament.

The breakdown of professional qualifications into these aspects has mirrored the three-pronged standard long used by the American Bar Association's ABA's Standing Committee on Federal Judiciary in evaluating federal judicial nominees on behalf of Presidents and the Senate Judiciary Committee. The criterion of professional competence, the committee writes, "encompasses such qualities as intellectual capacity, judgment, writing and analytical ability, knowledge of the law, and breadth of professional experience.

As for nominees to the Supreme Court, the ABA committee comments that "the same factors considered with respect to the lower courts are relevant. Besides the above-mentioned qualities that would be desirable in Supreme Court Justices in general, a number of additional intangible qualities as well would appear to be desirable, and even critical, to bring to the Chief Justice position.

These would include leadership, scholarship, and consensus-building skills, as well as administrative abilities. Earlier experience on the Court may also be valuable, although, historically, such experience usually has not been critical in the selection of a Chief Justice nominee. John P. A decade prior to being appointed an Associate Justice in , Felix Frankfurter defined the qualities that any member named to the Court should embody:.

These attributes would appear to be especially important for a Chief Justice, as the leader of the Court. Apart from the personal qualities of individuals under consideration for appointment to be Chief Justice, external political factors may also play a part in determining whether these persons are a good "fit" for the appointment.

Such factors would include the President's policy preferences, the Senate's party and ideological divisions, the composition of the current Court, and the candidates' chances for receiving Senate confirmation if nominated.

The extent to which these factors can influence a President's selection of a nominee, as well as the Senate's decision on whether to confirm, are discussed in this report's next section.

Brief Description of the Appointment Process. The modern-day process for appointing a Chief Justice is the same as that for appointing Associate Justices to the Court. At that point, it becomes the President's constitutional responsibility to select a successor to the vacating Justice.

A Chief Justice appointment may be made only when there is, or is scheduled to be, a vacancy in the position of Chief Justice; the President may not use the occasion of an Associate Justice vacancy to appoint someone to replace a sitting Chief Justice. Typically, candidates for the Supreme Court who are under serious consideration by the President will undergo a thorough investigation by the Administration into their private backgrounds, public record, and professional qualifications.

In deciding whom to appoint, Presidents are free to receive advice from whomever they choose. The President may, but is not required to, seek advice from Members of the Senate. Advice may also come from many other sources, including House Members, officials in the President's administration, past and current Supreme Court Justices, party leaders, interest groups, and others.

The appointment process officially begins when the President selects someone to fill the Court vacancy. Except in rare cases of temporary recess appointments, the President will seek to give this person a lifetime appointment, which will require Senate consent. To obtain the Senate's approval, the President submits a written nomination of the person to the Senate.

Usually on the same day it is received by the Senate, the nomination is referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. Immediately upon the President's announcement of a nominee, the Judicial Committee initiates its own intensive investigation into the nominee's background.

When its investigation is completed, the Judiciary Committee holds hearings on the nomination, during which the nominee typically appears to testify and answer questions from Committee members. Then the committee votes on whether to report the nomination to the Senate and, if so, whether to report it favorably, unfavorably, or without recommendation. A report with a negative recommendation or no recommendation, like a favorable report, permits the nomination to go forward, to be considered by Senate as a whole, but it also alerts the Senate that a substantial number of committee members have reservations about the nominee.

In the next stage, consideration of the nomination by the full Senate is scheduled by the Senate majority leader, usually in consultation with the minority leader. If there is extended debate by opponents of the nomination, commonly called a filibuster, debate may be brought to a close by a "cloture" vote of three-fifths of the full Senate membership.

If three-fifths of the Senate's Members do not vote in favor of cloture, Senators opposing the nomination, even if in the minority, may use extended debate and opposition to cloture to prevent a vote on confirmation from taking place -- a scenario, however, which has played out that way only once in the past. After Senate debate on the nomination is concluded, the Senate votes to confirm or disapprove the nomination, with confirmation requiring a majority vote.

If the Senate votes in the negative on whether to confirm, the nomination is defeated, and a resolution of disapproval is forwarded to the President. If the Senate votes to confirm the nomination, the secretary of the Senate transmits the resolution of confirmation to the White House, where the President signs a document, called a commission, officially appointing the individual to the Court. The commission, after being engraved at the Department of Justice with a date of appointment, and signed by the Attorney General, is delivered to the appointee, along with the oath of office.

After receiving the commission, the appointee is sworn into office, marking the completion of the appointment process. A President also may make a Supreme Court appointment without the Senate's consent, when the Senate is in recess. Such "recess appointments," however, are temporary, with their terms expiring at the end of the Senate's next session. Historically, recess appointments to the Supreme Court have been rare the last three occurring in the s and sometimes have been controversial, in part because they bypassed the Senate and its confirmation role.

Past Chief Justice Appointments. Starting with John Jay of New York, who took his judicial oath of office on October 19, , to the present day, 16 individuals all men have served as Chief Justice of the United States.

Fifteen of the 16 received lifetime appointments, after being nominated by the President and then confirmed by the Senate.

One of the 15, prior to his nomination, had received a "recess appointment" from the President to serve for a limited term. A 16th individual served as Chief Justice only by temporary recess appointment, without subsequently being confirmed by the Senate for a lifetime appointment.

Eleven of the 16 Chief Justices had never served on the Supreme Court before their appointments, while the other five had earlier served on the Court as Associate Justices. Four Chief Justice nominees failed to receive Senate confirmation.

One of them was the recess appointee already mentioned, who, after first receiving appointment by the President during a Senate recess, was subsequently nominated when the Senate was in session, only to be rejected by a Senate roll call vote. Two other nominees to be Chief Justice were confirmed by the Senate, but declined the appointments.

One of them was John Jay, who, after having already served as Chief Justice and then as governor of New York, was nominated to be Chief Justice a second time. Constitutional Language on Supreme Court Appointments. Under the Constitution, Justices on the Supreme Court receive lifetime appointments, holding office "during good Behaviour. A Justice may be removed by Congress, but only through the difficult and involved process of impeachment. Only one Supreme Court Justice has ever been impeached in an episode that occurred in , and he remained in office after being acquitted by the Senate.

The procedure for appointing a Justice to the Supreme Court is provided for in the Constitution of the United States in only a few words. Judges of the supreme Court. The need for a Chief Justice appointment arises when the position becomes vacant, due to death, retirement, or resignation, or when the Chief Justice announces the intention to retire or resign.

It then becomes the President's constitutional responsibility to select a successor. In letters of this sort, outgoing Chief Justices have timed their departures in various ways -- effective immediately, upon a specified future date, upon the qualification of a successor, or at the pleasure of the President.

As noted above, a Supreme Court vacancy also could occur if a Justice were removed by Congress through the impeachment process, but no Justice has ever been removed from the Court in this way. A vacancy could occur, as well, upon the expiration of the term of a Justice who received a recess appointment from the President. However, the only recess-appointed Supreme Court Justice who was not later confirmed by the Senate, Chief Justice John Rutledge in , resigned before his term expired. A vacancy on the Court is not necessarily created if a Justice becomes permanently disabled from performing the duties of the office.

The vacancy, in that instance, is created only when the Justice either steps down on his or her own volition or dies in office. When a permanently disabled Justice declines to retire, no law or Court rule provides for his or her removal. While statutory procedures exist for lower courts to certify the permanent disability of a colleague, 57 none exists for the Supreme Court.

Criteria for Selecting a Nominee. The precise criteria used in selecting a Supreme Court nominee will vary from President to President. Two general motivations, however, appear to underlie the choices of almost every President, whether the appointment is for Chief Justice or for an Associate Justice seat. One motivation is to have the nomination serve the President's political interests in the partisan and electoral senses of the word "political," as well as in the public policy sense ; the second is to demonstrate that a search was successfully made for a nominee having the highest professional qualifications.

Virtually every President is presumed to take into account a wide range of political considerations when faced with the responsibility of filling a Supreme Court vacancy. For instance, most Presidents, it is assumed, will be inclined to select a nominee whose political or ideological views appear compatible with their own. This means that they want justices on the Court who will vote to decide cases consistent with the president's policy preferences.

For political or other reasons, such nominee attributes as party affiliation, geographic origin, ethnicity, religion, and gender may also be of particular importance to the President. Another consideration will be the prospects for a potential nominee receiving Senate confirmation. Even if a controversial nominee is believed to be confirmable, an assessment must be made as to whether the benefits of confirmation will be worth the costs of the political battle to be waged.

Most Presidents also want their Supreme Court nominees to have unquestionably outstanding legal qualifications.

Presidents look for a high degree of merit in their nominees not only in recognition of the demanding nature of the work that awaits someone appointed to the Court, but also because of the public's expectations that a Supreme Court nominee be highly qualified. Closely related to the expectation that a Supreme Court nominee have excellent professional qualifications are the ideals of integrity and impartiality in a nominee.

Most Presidents presumably will be aware of the historical expectation, dating back to Alexander Hamilton's pronouncements in the Federalist Papers , that a Justice be a person of unquestioned integrity who is able to approach cases and controversies impartially, without personal prejudice.

A President, however, may have additional concerns when the Supreme Court vacancy to be filled is that of the Chief Justice. Besides requiring that a candidate be politically acceptable, have excellent legal qualifications, and enjoy a reputation for integrity, a President might be concerned that his nominee have proven leadership qualities necessary to effectively perform the tasks specific to the position of Chief Justice.

Such qualities, in the President's view, could include administrative and human relations skills, with the latter especially important in fostering collegiality among the Court's members.

The President also might look for distinction or eminence in a Chief Justice nominee sufficient to command the respect of the Court's other Justices, as well as further public respect for the Court.

A President, too, might be concerned with the age of the Chief Justice nominee, requiring, for instance, that the nominee be at least of a certain age to insure an adequate degree of maturity and experience relative to the other Justices but not above a certain age to allow for the likely ability to serve as a leader on the Court for a substantial number of years.

The situation faced by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in is illustrative of the wide range of criteria a President might apply when deciding whom to appoint to fill a Chief Justice vacancy. Vinson died unexpectedly.

Within days, the President, according to one news analysis, was being "urged by prominent members of his party to apply all sorts of different tests -- political, geographical, personal, philosophical" -- in deciding on a successor to Vinson. A major geographical consideration, which was said to favor the appointment of Earl Warren, governor of California, was that among the Court's eight remaining members there were "no representatives from the West, and of the fifty-six appointments to the Court since the beginning of the Civil War, only two [had] been from California.

However, another factor, age, was said to favor former New York governor Thomas E. Dewey, who, at 51, was 11 years younger than Governor Warren. The reasoning urged upon the President by Dewey supporters was that "all other things being equal, the authority of a Chief Justice tends to increase with the duration of his service on the court.

Ultimately, the President appointed Governor Warren. President Eisenhower and his closest political advisers were agreed "that Warren's experience, leadership qualities, and administrative expertise constituted precisely the kind of medicine that the badly faction-rent Vinson Court needed. In his memoirs, President Eisenhower noted that, from the beginning of his administration in , he wanted the federal judges he selected to "command the respect, confidence, and pride of the population.

As to Supreme Court appointments, Eisenhower recounted, another consideration was the past party affiliations of the Court's members. In , before the death of Chief Justice Vinson, "eight of the nine members of the Court had been classed as Democrats before joining the Court and only one -- Associate Justice Harold Burton -- as a Republican.

Naturally for the good of the country, I hoped eventually to achieve a better balance in this regard. Of various candidates for Chief Justice that immediately came to mind, the former President recalled, most were automatically eliminated either because of advanced age or a record of unsound health.

These considerations, he noted, ruled out a number of members of the Court for elevation to Chief Justice, while two other Justices "represented what I thought were extreme views in matters that could be expected to come before the Court for decision.

Early in his Administration, but after the appointment of Earl Warren as Chief Justice, President Eisenhower added another criterion to be applied specifically to the selection of Supreme Court Justices:. Several new procedures were announced, including rules for which Justices will ask questions based on seniority.

On April 3, , the U. Supreme Court announced it was postponing the eight hours of oral argument originally scheduled during its April sitting. In a statement, the court said it would "consider rescheduling some cases from the March and April sessions before the end of the Term, if circumstances permit in light of public health and safety guidance at that time. The court said it would continue to release opinions using the court website, hold regularly scheduled conferences, and issue order lists.

On March 16, , the U. Supreme Court announced it was postponing the 11 oral arguments originally scheduled during its March sitting. In a press release, the court said the delay was "in keeping with public health precautions recommended in response to COVID The U. Supreme Court announced on March 12, , that it was closing to the public indefinitely, beginning at p. The court posted on its website, "Out of concern for the health and safety of the public and Supreme Court employees, the Supreme Court Building will be closed to the public from p.

The map below highlights states whose policies and procedures for the November 3, , general election were affected by U. Supreme Court actions.

For more detailed information, including case summaries, click here. In , when the federal government moved for a final time to Washington, D.

Following this episode, the Court returned to the Capitol and met from to in a chamber now restored as the 'Old Supreme Court Chamber. In , "architect Cass Gilbert was charged by Chief Justice Taft to design 'a building of dignity and importance suitable for its use as the permanent home of the Supreme Court of the United States.

The Chief Justice occupies the center chair; the senior Associate Justice sits to his right, the second senior to his left, and so on, alternating right and left by seniority. Johnson, Jr. Ballotpedia features , encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion.

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Associate justice Clarence Thomas. Associate justice Stephen Breyer. Associate justice Elena Kagan. Associate justice Sonia Sotomayor. Associate justice Neil Gorsuch. Attorney, District of New Jersey, — Bush nominated him as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took his seat January 31, She earned a B. In , she earned a J. In , President George H. Bush nominated her to the U. She received an A. She clerked for Judge Abner Mikva of the U. Court of Appeals for the D.

Circuit from and for Justice Thurgood Marshall of the U. Supreme Court during the Term. After briefly practicing law at a Washington, D. Between and , she served as the Dean of Harvard Law School.

She took her seat on August 7, Neil M. He and his wife Louise have two daughters. He received a B. He served as a law clerk to Judge David B. On being elevated he took oath as a Judge of the Supreme Court of India on Graduated in Law from Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, in Born on 30th November, Educated at St. Joseph's U. School, Chengal, Kalady, St. Began legal practice in in the High Court of Kerala.

Josephs Collegiate, Allahabad. Graduated in History Hons. Stephen's College Delhi University in Obtained LL. Enrolled as an Advocate on 28th July, Qualified the examination and enrolled as an Advocate-on-Record in the Supreme Court in Central Government Standing Counsel from December, to December, during which period had handled all kinds of cases on behalf of the Central Government including criminal trials in respect of economic offences.

Interest in judicial reforms, computerization of courts, judicial education, legal aid and services, juvenile justice and ADR.

His father, late Shri M. Gupta was a leading Advocate of Shimla. Justice Gupta obtained his law degree from Delhi University in He headed the Green Bench of the High Court for three years.

Justice Gupta remained Executive Chairman of the H. Judicial Academy, Shimla for more than three years. Enrolled on Instrumental in improving the infrastructure of the District Judiciary, recruitment and filling up vacancies of Ministerial Staff. Published Hand Books for guidance of judicial officers and staff members. Born on September 3rd, , B. Son of Justice H. Mishra, Judge, M. High Court. Called to the Bar in Practised in constitutional, civil, industrial, service and criminal matters.

Elected as youngest Chairman of Bar Council of India Elected to Bar Council of M. In the Bar Council, he worked for improvement of legal education. During his Chairmanship, Bar Council of India decided to close the evening Law Colleges and also decided that 5 year Law Course should be started instead of 3 years Course in all the colleges.

More than two hundred sub-standard law colleges were closed by BCI, and to maintain dignity of profession, a large number of disciplinary cases were decided. Also, amount of medical aid to lawyers was enhanced. Has decided approx. Elevated as a Judge, Supreme Court of India on Practiced for one year at Dharwad in the Chambers of Sri I. Hiregoudar, Advocate before shifting practice of Bengaluru. Joined the Chambers of Sri Shivaraj V.

Patil, Advocate as he then was , who later adorned the Supreme Court of India. Started independent practice in the year Practiced mainly in Civil, Criminal and Constitutional matters. On transfer, sworn-in as Judge, High Court of Kerala. Assumed charge as Acting Chief Justice on Kalavathi Srivasthava.

Sworn in as Judge of the High Court of Kerala on Sworn in as Chief Justice on Rohinton Fali Nariman Date of Birth: Justice Venkatachalaiah amended the rules in order to make him a Senior Counsel at the young age of 37 against the mandatory Has practiced law for the last 35 years. Has over Reported Supreme Court Judgments to his credit.

Lectured at:. Transferred to Chhattisgarh High Court in July, Skip to main content. Ramana, B. He enrolled as an Advocate on February 10, He has also functioned as Panel Counsel for various Government Organizations.

He had participated in several National and International Conferences held in India and abroad and submitted papers on various topics of legal importance. Justice N. Born on November 9, Enrolled as an Advocate in June, Practised in the High Court of Bombay till December, Shifted his practice to Delhi in January, Appeared as Amicus Curiae in many matters. Due to retire on November 8, Justice A. Khanwilkar was born on 30th July , Pune, India. He did B. Law College, Mumbai.

Khanwilkar DoB. Hon'ble Dr. Justice D. Chandrachud DoB. Justice L. Nageswara Rao DoB. His Lordship is deeply interested in theatre, music and golf. Profile Born on Enrolled as an Advocate on Practised in the High Court of Karnataka. Justice S. Abdul Nazeer DoB. Born on 24th September, Graduated with History Hons. Hon'ble Ms. Justice Indira Banerjee DoB. Justice Vineet Saran DoB. Justice K. Joseph DoB. Elevated to Supreme Court of India on 2.

Justice Hemant Gupta DoB. Deeply interested in philosophy, culture, music and education. Sworn in as Judge of High Court of A. Justice R. Subhash Reddy DoB. He is due to retire on May 15, Justice Ajay Rastogi DoB.

Born on 15th May, at Udaipur Rajasthan. Maheshwari was a renowned civil side lawyer at Jodhpur. Completed B. Practised on original and appellate sides before Rajasthan High Court and its subordinate Courts. Mainly dealt with Civil and Constitutional matters. Served as counsel for Revenue and Excise Departments of Government of Rajasthan as also several local bodies and corporations.

Had also been co-opted member on various disciplinary committees of the Bar Council of Rajasthan. Transferred to Allahabad High Court and took oath on 19th July, Justice Dinesh Maheshwari DoB. Justice Sanjiv Khanna DoB. Born on 10 th February, at Hisar Haryana in a middle class family.

Started practicing Law at the District Court, Hisar in Specialised in Constitutional, Service and Civil matters. Earned distinction of being appointed the youngest Advocate General of Haryana on July 7, Designated as Senior Advocate in March, Due to retire on 09 th February, Justice Surya Kant DoB.

Born on 11th April, Justice Aniruddha Bose DoB. Born on 20th May, He was appointed as an Additional Judge of the High Court of Karnataka on January 6, and became a permanent judge on March 1, Justice Krishna Murari DoB.

Ravindra Bhat DoB. Born on June 30, Enrolled as a member of the Bar on February 16, Practiced for about 23 years in the High Court of Madras which included a stint in the office of the Senior Advocates K. Sarvabhauman and T. Mani for four years from to Ramasubramanian DoB. Justice Hrishikesh Roy DoB. University Of Bombay. Enrolled as an Advocate on 28th June, In , he joined the chamber of Shri V.

Appeared in several important matters and in public interest litigations. Appointed as a permanent Judge from 12th November Justice Abhay. Oka DoB. Justice Vikram Nath was born on 24 September He will be demitting the office on 23 September Justice Vikram Nath DoB. Justice J. Maheshwari DoB. Thereafter got enrolled as an Advocate with the Bar Council of Delhi in the same year.

Has represented Government of Delhi in several important public interest litigations. Justice Hima Kohli DoB. Hon'ble Mrs. Justice B. Justice C. Ravikumar DoB. He completed B. Degree at Loyola College, Chennai and B. Degree at Madras Law College. He was enrolled as an Advocate in the year He worked as Government Advocate between to He was elevated as Judge, Supreme Court of India on Born on 10th June at Patan, North Gujarat. Did her schooling at various places as her father had a transferable judicial service.

It was a happy coincidence that her father was already working as the Judge, City Civil and Sessions Court when she was appointed. The Limca Book of Indian records has recorded the entry in their edition that " Father - daughter judges in the same court ".

Due to retire on 09th June, Justice Bela M. Trivedi DoB. Educ B. Samaldas College, Bhavnagar; LL. Examination Judge High Court, Bombay. Retired on 6. The Hon'ble Mr. Patanjali Sastri, B. January 4,; s. Srimati M. Kamakshi Ammal; three s. Retired on December 23, Degree of LL. Bijan Kumar Mukherjea, M. History B. Gold Medalist , M.

Mukherjea and Sarat Kumari Devi; m. Labanyalata Devi; one s. Amiya Kumar Mukherjea; Educ. Joined Calcutta Bar, Junior Govt. Fellow of the Calcutta University; Pres. Bengal Sansk. Sahitya Parishad; Calcutta etc. Sudhi Ranjan Das, born 1 Oct. Swapna 2nd Daughter of late Rai Bahadur S. Majumdar; ss. Cdr Suranjan and Suhrid Ranjan, d. Acting Chief Justice of India, 5 Sept. Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha, B. Hons M. February 1, ; Educ. Recreation : Hiking.

Pralhad Balacharya Gajendragadkar, M. March 16, ; Educ. June 29, ; Educ. Practised as an Advocate in the High Court at Calcutta. Judge, Calcutta High Court, Jan. Club : Calcutta Club. Appointed as Chief Justice of India on Subba Rao, B. July 15, ; Educ. Arts College, Rajahmundry. Kailas Nath Wanchoo, B. February 25,; Educ. Judicial Reforms Committee, ; reported to the Government of India on the financial and other implications of the new State of Andhra, February Mohammad Hidayatullah, B.

Nagpur : M. Cantab ; Barrister-at-Law, O. Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah, LL. April 26, ; B. Ray; b. Justice Mirza Hameedullah Beg, M.

Honours degree in , and then the M. Appointed Judge, Supreme Court, on 28th August, Justice Y. Bhagwati; b. Pathak, Raghunandan Swarup, M. Appointed as an Additional Judge of the Allahabad High Court for a period of two years with effect from October 1, Appointed permanent Judge of that High Court on July 23, Relinquished the office of the Chief Justice of India on Venkataramiah, Engalaguppe Seetharamiah, B.

Enrolled as a Pleader in Bangalore Division on 2. Practised on both original and appellate side in Civil and Criminal courts and in the High Court at Bangalore. Advocate General, Mysore from 5. Appointed Judge, Supreme Court of India on 8. Justice E. Barrister-at-Law - Born on 1st June, Appointed a Part-time member of the 8th Finance Commission. Appointed as Judge, Supreme Court of India on Died on Educated at Banpur High School; P. Academy; Ravenshaw College, Allahabad University.

Handled all types of cases at Cuttack. Appointed Judge, Supreme Court of India on Kamal Narain Singh, M. Practised on Civil, Constitutional and Taxation matters at Allahabad. Appointed as Junior Standing Counsel for U.

Appointed as Advocate General, U. Appointed as an Additional Judge of the Allahabad High Court for a period of two years with effect from 25th August, Appointed permanent Judge on Rupa; d. Hons , LL. B; Fellow, Govt. Law College, Bombay ;Part-time Prof. Passed B. Patna University in Enrolled as articled clerk in High Court, Patna in Enrolled as Supreme Court Advocate - March 6, Later nominated as Senior Advocate.

Appointed Chief Justice of India on November 18,